If you are not looking for a translation of a guaranteed quality and everything you need is to understand a certain phrase, you can use the online translation dictionaries listed below:
- http://www.translate.ru
- http://www.lingvo.ru
- http://perevod.job4it.net
- http://www.prolingoffice.com
- http://lang-lib.narod.ru
Concise Dictionary of Translation Terms
- Paragraph-phrase translation is a translation carried out at the level of individual sentences or paragraphs translated in sequence, one after another.
- Authorized translation is a translation of the original text approved by the author.
- Author (auto-) translation translation carried out by the author of the original text.
- Adapted translation is a type of adaptive transcoding, in the process of which translation the structure and content of the original text are simplified in order to make the translation available to receptors that do not have the knowledge required to fully understand the message contained in the original text.
- Adequate translation is a translation that provides for solution of pragmatic problems in translation to the fullest level of equivalence that can be achieved while avoiding violations of the rules and usage of the translation language and preserving the genre and stylistic requirements for the texts of this type and consistency of the conventional norm of translation. In ordinary usage, the adequate translation is also known as "correct" translation.
- Annotated translation is translation that only reflects the main idea, subject, and purpose of the translated text.
- Aspectual translation is a translation of part of the text only, in compliance with the provided selection criteria (a.k.a. "aspect").
- Authentic translation is a translation of an official document which has legal force equal to that of the original document; in compliance with international law, the text of the treaty can be developed and ratified for one language while its authenticity can be set for two languages or more.
- Binary translation is a translation from one natural language to another.
- Literal translation is a translation that reflects the communicative non-relevant elements of the original text, in course of which norms and usage of the translation language are violated or the real content of the original text is corrupted (not translated).
- Intralingual translation is an interpretation of word marks using marks of the same language.
- Free translation is a translation that reflects the basic information from the original text with possible deviations (i.e. additions, deletions etc.); this type of translation is carried out on the textual level, so categories of equivalence of language units are non-relevant in this case.
- Two-side translation is a consequitive oral translation of speech from one language to another and backward.
- Diachronic translation is a translation to modern language of a historic text written in the language of the previous epoch.
- Notarized translation is a translation the equivalence of which to the original document is legally confirmed.
- Interpretation is a type of translation that is based on addressing the extra-linguistic activities, as contrasted to translation, which is carried out on the basis of set rules of transition from expression means used in one language system to expression means used in another language system.
- Intersemiotic translation is a translation from natural language to the artificial one or vice versa.
- Informative translation is a translation of original documents that do not represent the area of fiction (social and political, scientific and technical, official and business texts etc.), i.e. translaion of texts, the main purpose of which lies in communication of certain information rather than artistic and esthetic influence on the receptor.
- Historic translation is a translation to modern language of a historic text written in the language of the previous epoch.
- Source language is the language of the original document; language that is translated from.
- Consultive translation is a type of informative translatetion, which is mainly carried out orally and which includes elements of annotation, abstracting, and selective improvised translation that is usually carried out in presence of the client who clarifies, along the way, relevant aspects of the content of the original text.
- Indirect (secondary) translation is a translation that is carried out from the translation of the original text to another language rather than from the original text.
- Mechanical (automatic) translation is a translation carried out by computers.
- Translation model is a conventional description of a range of thought processes through realization of which translation of the entire original text or a part of the original text can be achieved.
- Incomplete translation is a translation that reflects the storage content of the original document with deletions and abridgement.
- Translation norm is a totality of requirements that the translation must conform to.
- Back translation is an experimental or study translation of the already-translated text to the source language.
- One-way translation is an oral translation that is carried out in one direction only, i.e. from the given language to any other language.
- Official (publishing-ready) translation is a final variant of translation that is submitted by the translator as the valid representation of the original text.
- Translation is a type of linguistic mediation, in course of which the content of the original text written in a foreign language is transmitted to another language through creation of communicatively equavalent text in this other language.
- Translation (inter-language) transformation is a transformation through which transition from the units of the original text to the units of the translated text can be achieved.
- Translation language is the language that the translation is made to.
- Written translation is a type of translation, in course of which the original document and the translated document are in a fixed form of (mainly, written) texts in the course of translation, which can be repeatedly accessed by the translator.
- Complete (continuous) translation is a translation that reflects the storage content of the original document without any deletions or abridgement.
- Consequitive translation is a type of oral translation that is carried out after the translator has heard a certain text unit during the interval between such units.
- Word-by-word translation is a translation that is carried out on the level of separate words without any consideration for meaning, syntax, and stylistic connections between such words.
- Phrase translation is a translation that is carried out at the level of individual sentences or paragraphs translated in sequence, one after another.
- Approximate translation is a use of grammar units of translation language in the translation, which, in the given context, partially corresponds to non-equivalent grammar unit of the source language.
- Translation procedure (namely, translation) – activity of the translator directed at creation of the text of translation.
- Direct (primary) translation is a translation that is carried out directly from the original document.
- Psycholinguistic classification of translations is a division of translations into types and subtypes based on the manner (vocal form) of perception of the original text and creation of the text of translation.
- Working translation is a preliminary translation, the equivalence of which is only limited by transmission of the subject-logic content of the original document on the level of situation description means.
- Abstracting translation is a translation that contains relatively detailed information on the abstracted document: its purpose, subject, research methods, obtained results.
- Free translation is a translation that has been carried out on the lower equivalence level than that which could be achieved under the given conditions for translation activity.
- Syntactic context is a syntactic structure which employs the given word, phrase, or clause.
- Syntactic assimilation (word-by-word translation) is a type of translation, in course of which syntactic structures of the original text are transformed into analogic structures of the translation languages while retaining the set of meaningful words and their order in both the original text and translation.
- Synchronous translation is a type of oral translation that is carried out simultaneously with pronunciation of the original text.
- Situational model of translation is a model of translation that describes the procedure of translating as a procedure of describing the same situation that has been described in the original text with the use of the translation language.
- Situational (extra-linguistic) context describes the situation, time, and location that the utterance is related to, as well as any other facts of reality, the knowledge of which helps the Receptor interpretate the meaning of language units in the utterance correctly.
- Mixed translation is a translation that employs a significant share of traditional (or machine-based) transformation of the text.
- Abridged translation is a translation, in course of which certain parts of the original text are omitted on the basis of moral, political, or any other practical reasons.
- Contrastive analysis of translation is the analysis of the form and content of the text of translation in comparison with the form and content of the original text.
- Exact translation is a translation which reflects only the subject-logic part of the content of the original document equivalently while certain deviations from the genre and stylistic and usage norms of the translation language are possible.
- Transcription is a type of translation of a lexical unit of the original through recreation of its sound form with the help of letters of the translation language.
- Transliteration is a type of translation of a lexical unit of the original through recreation of its graphical form with the help of letters of the translation language.
- Transmutation is a translation from any artificial language to another artificial language.
- Transposition is a translation of the text of one genre or functional style into another genre or functional style.
- Transformation translation is a translation that employs one of translation transformations.
- Close context (micro-context) is a linguistic context within one phrase or sentence.
- Oral translation is a type of translation, in course of which both the original message and the translation are present during translation process in an unfixed (oral) form which predetermines one-time perception of the units of the original message and impossibility of subsequent comparison or correction of the translation upon its completion.
- Study translation is a translation used in the learning process for preparation of translators or one of the methods of foreign language teaching.
- Fragmentary translation is a translation of a separate excerpt or excerpts rather than the entire text.
- Artistic translation is a translation of fiction, i.e. translation of texts, the main purpose of which lies in artistic and esthetic impact on the reader.
- Wide context (macro-context) is a linguistic context that exceeds the sentence which employs the given linguistic unit.
- Translation equivalence is a totality of content (content closeness) of the original text and its translation.
- Reference translation is a model translation that is used for comparison with the translation in question.
- Translation procedure stage is a part of the translation procedure that is characterized by certain type of activity of the translator.
Based on the book 'Theory and Practice of Translation' by A. Parshin.
